K-League

K-League
Countries South Korea Korea Republic
Confederation AFC
Founded 1983
Number of teams 15
Relegation to National League (No relegation)
Domestic cup(s) K-League Cup
FA Cup
International cup(s) AFC Champions League
Pan-Pacific Championship
Current champions Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
(2009)
Most championships Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (7)
Website Official
2010 K-League
K-League
Hangul K리그
Revised Romanization K-League

The Korea Professional Football League (K-League) is South Korea's only fully professional football league. At the top of the South Korean football league system, it is the country's highest and most prestigious level of football competition currently contested by 15 clubs.

Contents

Establishment

The K•League was founded in 1983 as the Korean Super League, with five member clubs. The initial five clubs were Hallelujah FC, Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank FC. Hallelujah FC won the inaugural title, finishing one point ahead of Daewoo FC to lift the crown.

In 1998, Korea's football league was reformed and renamed the K-League. Since its creation, the league has expanded from an initial 5 to 15 clubs. Of the 5 inaugural clubs, only Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, and Daewoo Royals remain in the K-League; Kookmin Bank FC dropped out of the league at the end of 1984, and Hallelujah FC followed the season after.

Structure

At present the K-League is the only professional league in Korea. It contains fifteen member clubs.

Below the level of the K-League there is the National League, a closed semi-professional/amateur league with fifteen clubs, established in 2003. The third level of football in Korea is the K3 League.

There is, at present, no official system of promotion and relegation between any of the three leagues. However, beginning in 2006, the champions of the National League had been eligible for promotion to the K-League provided they had met certain criteria. Goyang Kookmin Bank and Ulsan Mipo Dockyard, National League champions in 2006 and 2007 respectively, both rejected the opportunity to move up to the K-League. After back-to-back K-League promotion refusals, the National League committee decided to discontinue the conditional promotion system prior to the 2008 season.

The league summary

The K-League season typically begins around March/April and runs to late November each year. The number of games, clubs and the systems used have varied through the years, but for 2009 the league will operate with a full stage regular season followed by a top six championship playoff system.

The fifteen member clubs play each other twice in the regular season giving a total of 28 matches. The top six sides at the end of the regular season will enter the championship playoffs, which decide final standings of the season among the six. In the first two matches, the third-placed team will face the sixth-placed team and the fourth-placed team will face the fifth-placed team, with the two winners then playing off for the right to face the second-placed team. The winner of that match will then progress to the two-legged championship playoff final where the first-placed side lie in wait, with the overall winner of the home and away series being crowned champions for 2009.

The K-League champions, runner-up and third place gain entry to the AFC Champions League the following season.

K-League is located in South Korea
Busan I'Park
Chunnam Dragons
Daegu FC
Daejeon Citizen
FC Seoul
Gwangju Sangmu
Gyeongnam FC
Incheon United
Jeju United
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
Pohang Steelers
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
Suwon Samsung Bluewings
Ulsan Hyundai
Gangwon FC
Locations of the K-League 2010 clubs

A number of the member clubs are owned by major Korean Chaebols, and the club names reflect that fact. Clubs have adopted local city names in an effort to integrate themselves more with the local communities; for example, Daewoo evolved over the years into Daewoo Royals, Busan Daewoo Royals, Busan I'cons and latterly Busan I'Park.

Although a number of K-League clubs have relocated in the past, the Lucky Goldstar (LG) corporation caused a huge controversy at the end of 2003 when they made the decision to uproot their Anyang LG Cheetahs from the Seoul satellite city of Anyang and move into the empty Seoul World Cup stadium, becoming FC Seoul. Then following the 2005 season SK announced it was moving the Bucheon SK FC to the island of Jeju, where they became Jeju United.

In the 2009 season, Gangwon FC (Head Coach: Choi Sun-Ho, former Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Chosun head coach) joined the K-League as it's 15th member club. As such, the K-League had one or more club in every Korean Province(Capital, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Jeonnam, Chungcheong, Gangwon, Jeju) in Korea.

This is the first time in domestic Korean professional sports history that there has been at least two clubs in each Korean province.

On April 5th, 2010, Gwangju City has announced a plan to establish a football club by end of 2010 & to join the league from the 2011 season. The club will join the league as it's 16th member club.

Members for 2010 season

As of 2010 Season, K-League Clubs By Province

Province (Population) City / Area (Population) Clubs
Capital Region (24,200,705) Seoul (10,207,304) FC Seoul
Incheon (2,693,123) Incheon United
Seongnam (941,889) Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
Suwon (1,068,033) Suwon Samsung Bluewings
Gyeongsang Region (13,056,617) Busan (3,562,642) Busan I'Park
Daegu (2,493,192) Daegu FC
Gyeongnam (3,224,676) Gyeongnam FC
Pohang (508,382) Pohang Steelers
Ulsan (1,112,579) Ulsan Hyundai
Jeolla Region (5,757,649) Jeonnam (1,918,310) Chunnam Dragons
Gwangju (1,423,519) Gwangju Sangmu
Jeonbuk(1,855,171) Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
Chungcheong Region (5,020,305) Daejeon (1,481,516) Daejeon Citizen
Gangwon Region (1,507,799) Gangwon (1,507,799) Gangwon FC
Jeju Region (560,649) Jeju (560,649) Jeju United
* Population - 2009 census

The following 15 clubs will compete in the K-League during the 2009 season.

Club City / Area Home Stadium(s) Joined Owner(s) / Sponsor(s)
Busan I'Park
부산 아이파크		 Busan 0Asiad Main Stadium
0(53,769 seats)
1983 -
 Owner : I'Park Sports in Hyundai Development Group
Chunnam Dragons
전남 드래곤즈		 Jeonnam * Gwangyang Stadium
0(13,496 seats)
1995 -
 Owner : Gwangyang Steelworks in POSCO
Daegu FC
대구 FC		 Daegu 0Daegu Stadium
0(66,422 seats)
2003 -
 Owners : Government of Daegu, Citizen Stockholder
Sponsors : Doosan Group, Daegu Bank
Daejeon Citizen
대전 시티즌		 Daejeon * Daejeon World Cup Stadium
0(40,535 seats)
1997 -
 Owners : Government of Daejeon, Citizen Stockholder
Sponsors : Kyeryong Construction Co.,Ltd, Hanwha Group
Gangwon FC
강원 FC		 Gangwon 0Gangneung Stadium
0(22,333 seats)
0Chuncheon Songam Stadium
0(25,000 seats)
2009 -
 Owners : Government of Gangwon-do, Citizen Stockholder
Sponsors : High1 Resort, NongHyup
Gwangju Sangmu
광주 상무		 Gwangju 0Gwangju World Cup Stadium
0(40,245 seats)		 01985
2003 -
 Owners : Government of Gwangju, Ministry of National Defence
Sponsors : Kumho Asiana Group, Gwangju Bank
Gyeongnam FC
경남 FC		 Gyeongnam * Changwon Football Center
0(15,116 seats)
2006 -
 Owners : Government of Gyeongsangnam-do, Citizen Stockholder
Sponsors : STX Corporation, Gyeongnam Bank
Incheon United
인천 유나이티드		 Incheon 0Incheon Munhak Stadium
0(50,256 seats)
2004 -
 Owners : Government of Incheon, Citizen Stockholder
Sponsors : Daewoo E&C, Shinhan Bank, GM Daewoo
Jeju United
제주 유나이티드		 Jeju * Jeju World Cup Stadium
0(35,657 seats)
1983 -
 Owner : SK Energy in SK Group
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
전북 현대 모터스		 Jeonbuk * Jeonju World Cup Stadium
0(42,477 seats)
1995 -
 Owner : Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Kia Automotive Group
Pohang Steelers
포항 스틸러스		 Pohang, Gyeongbuk * Steelyard Stadium
0(18,960 seats)
1983 -
 Owner : Pohang Steelworks in POSCO
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
성남 일화 천마		 Seongnam, Gyeonggi 0Tancheon Sports Complex
0(16,146 seats)
1989 -
 Owner : Ilhwa in Tongil Group
FC Seoul
FC 서울		 Seoul * Seoul World Cup Stadium
0(68,476 seats)
1984 -
 Owner : GS Sports in GS Group
Suwon Samsung Bluewings
수원 삼성 블루윙즈		 Suwon, Gyeonggi * Suwon World Cup Stadium
0(43,959 seats)
1996 -
 Owner : Samsung Electronics in Samsung Group
Ulsan Hyundai
울산 현대		 Ulsan * Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium
0(44,474 seats)
1984 -
 Owner : Hyundai Heavy Industries in Hyundai Heavy Industries Group

* In stadium column, * means Football-specific stadium
* Horang-i means tiger, Chunma means Pegasus, Jeonnam = Chunnam

K-League History

Previous Winners

K-League Champions

Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma are the most successful team in terms of championship victories, having lifted the title on no less than seven occasions.
The roll-call of champions is as follows (present-date names included where teams have changed names previously):

*Chunma means pegasus, Hwangso means bull, Horang-i means tiger, Kokkiri means elephant

Titles By Season

Season Winners Runners-up
1983
 Hallelujah FC Daewoo Royals
1984
 Daewoo Royals Yukong Kokkiri
1985
 Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso POSCO Atoms
1986
 POSCO Atoms Luck-Goldstar Hwangso
1987
 Daewoo Royals POSCO Atoms
1988
 POSCO Atoms Hyundai Horangi
1989
 Yukong Kokkiri Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso
1990
 Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso Daewoo Royals
1991
 Daewoo Royals Hyundai Horangi
1992
 POSCO Atoms Ilhwa Chunma
1993
 Ilhwa Chunma LG Cheetahs
1994
 Ilhwa Chunma Yukong Kokkiri
1995
 Ilhwa Chunma Pohang Atoms
1996
 Ulsan Hyundai Horangi Suwon Samsung Bluewings
1997
 Busan Daewoo Royals Chunnam Dragons
1998
 Suwon Samsung Bluewings Ulsan Hyundai Horangi
1999
 Suwon Samsung Bluewings Busan Daewoo Royals
2000
 Anyang LG Cheetahs Bucheon SK
2001
 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Anyang LG Cheetahs
2002
 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Ulsan Hyundai Horangi
2003
 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Ulsan Hyundai Horangi
2004
 Suwon Samsung Bluewings Pohang Steelers
2005
 Ulsan Hyundai Horangi Incheon United
2006
 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Suwon Samsung Bluewings
2007
 Pohang Steelers Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
2008
 Suwon Samsung Bluewings FC Seoul
2009
 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma

Titles By Club

Club Winners Runners-up
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 7 (1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006) 3 (1992, 2007, 2009)
Pohang Steelers 4 (1986, 1988, 1992, 2007) 4 (1985, 1987, 1995, 2004)
Busan I'Park 4 (1984, 1987, 1991, 1997) 3 (1983, 1990, 1999)
Suwon Samsung Bluewings 4 (1998, 1999, 2004, 2008) 2 (1996, 2006)
FC Seoul 3 (1985, 1990, 2000) 5 (1986, 1989, 1993, 2001, 2008)
Ulsan Hyundai 2 (1996, 2005) 5 (1988, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2003)
Jeju United 1 (1989) 3 (1984, 1994, 2000)
Hallelujah FC 1 (1983) 0
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 1 (2009) 0
Chunnam Dragons 0 1 (1997)
Incheon United 0 1 (2005)

Titles By City / Area

City / Area Titles Clubs
Seoul
4
 Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1990)
Ilhwa Chunma (1993, 1994, 1995)
Suwon
4
 Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1998, 1999, 2004, 2008)
Seongnam
4
 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006)
Pohang
3
 POSCO Atoms (1988, 1992), Pohang Steelers (2007)
Busan
2
 Daewoo Royals (1991), Busan Daewoo Royals (1997)
Ulsan
2
 Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996, 2005)
Anyang
1
 Anyang LG Cheetahs (2000)
Busan+Gyeongnam
1
 Daewoo Royals (1987)
Incheon+Gyeonggi
1
 Yukong Kokkiri (1989)
Jeonbuk
1
 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2009)

Titles By Province

Province Titles City / Area Clubs
Capital Region
14
 (4) Seoul Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1990)
Ilhwa Chunma (1993, 1994, 1995)
(4) Suwon Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1998, 1999, 2004, 2008)
(4) Seongnam Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006)
(1) Anyang Anyang LG Cheetahs (2000)
(1) Incheon+Gyeonggi Yukong Kokkiri (1989)
Gyeongsang Region
8
 (3) Pohang POSCO Atoms (1988, 1992), Pohang Steelers (2007)
(2) Busan Daewoo Royals (1991), Busan Daewoo Royals (1997)
(2) Ulsan Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996, 2005)
(1) Busan+Gyeongnam Daewoo Royals (1987)
Jeolla Region
1
 (1) Jeonbuk Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2009)
Chungcheong Region
0
Gangwon Region
0
Jeju Region
0
*Kokkiri means elephant, Hwangso means bull, Horang-i means tiger, Chunma means pegasus

K-League Sponsors

Start End Nmae
1983 1993 None
1994 1995 South Korea Hite
1996 1997 South Korea Rapido
1998 - South Korea Hyundai
1999 - South Korea Buy Korea
2000 - South Korea Samsung
2001 - South Korea POSCO
2002 2008 South Korea Samsung
2009 - None
2010 - South Korea Hyundai Motors

All-time K-League Clubs

There have been a total of 19 member clubs in the history of the K-League - those clubs are listed below with their current names (where applicable):

Club (Duration) Owner(s) Sponsor(s) Note
POSCO Dolphins (1983~1984)
POSCO Atoms (1985–1994)
Pohang Atoms (1995–1996)
Pohang Steelers (1997–present)		 Pohang Steelworks in POSCO Founded as a Semi-Professional FC on April 1973
Transferred into a Professional FC on February 1984
Hallelujah FC (1983–1985) defunct Shindongah Group Inauguration Date - 20 December 1980
Yukong Kokkiri (1983–1995)
Bucheon Yukong (1996–1997.09.30)
Bucheon SK (1997.10.01–2005)
Jeju United (2006–present)		 SK Energy[1] in SK Group Inauguration Date - 17 December 1982
Daewoo Royals (1983–1995)
Busan Daewoo Royals (1996–1999)
Busan I'cons (2000–2004)
Busan I'Park (2005–present)		 defunct Daewoo Group (1983–1999)
I'Park Sports in Hyundai Development Group (2000–present)		 Founded as a Semi-Professional FC in 1979
Refounded as a Professional FC
Inauguration Date - 3 December 1983
Kookmin Bank FC (1983–1984) Kookmin Bank Played as a Semi-Professional FC
Hyundai Horangi (1984–1995)
Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996–2008)
Ulsan Hyundai (2008–present)		 Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Kia Automotive Group (1984–1997)
Hyundai Heavy Industries in Hyundai Heavy Industries Group (1998-present)		 Inauguration Date - 6 December 1983
Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1984–1990)
LG Cheetahs (1991–1995)
Anyang LG Cheetahs (1996–2003)
FC Seoul (2004–present)		 LG Group (1984–2004)
GS Sports in GS Group[2] (2004~present)		 Inauguration Date - 22 December 1983
Hanil Bank FC (1984–1986) Hanil Bank[3] Played as a Semi-Professional FC
Sangmu FC (1985) Ministry of National Defence Played as a Semi-Professional FC
Ilhwa Chunma (1989–1995)
Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma (1996–1999)
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2000–present)		 Ilhwa in Tongil Group Inauguration Date - 18 March 1989
Jeonbuk Buffalo (1994) Bobaesoju (1994) Inauguration Date - 1993
Dissolution Date - 1994
Jeonbuk Dinos (1995–1996)
Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos (1997–1999)
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2000–present)		 Consortium of Hyunyang & Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Kia Automotive Group and (1995–1998)
Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Kia Automotive Group (1999–present)		 Inauguration Date - 12 December 1994
Chunnam Dragons (1995–present) Gwangyang Steelworks in POSCO Inauguration Date - 16 December 1994
Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1996–present) Samsung Electronics in Samsung Group Inauguration Date - 15 December 1995
Daejeon Citizen (1997–present) Government of Daejeon
Citizen Stockholder		 Kyeryong Construction
Hanwha Group		 Inauguration Date - 12 March 1997
Daegu FC (2003–present) Government of Daegu
Citizen Stockholder		 Doosan Group
Daegu Bank		 Inauguration Date - 19 March 2003
Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo (2003–2007)
Gwangju Sangmu FC (2008–present)		 Ministry of National Defence Kumho Asiana Group
Gwangju Bank
Incheon United (2004–present) Government of Incheon
Citizen Stockholder		 Daewoo E&C
Shinhan Bank
GM Daewoo		 Inauguration Date - 1 March 2004
Gyeongnam FC (2006–present) Government of Gyeongsangnam-do
Citizen Stockholder		 STX Corporation
Gyeongnam Bank		 Inauguration Date - 17 January 2006
Gangwon FC (2009–present) Government of Gangwon-do
Citizen Stockholder		 High1 Resort
Nong Hyup		 Inauguration Date - 18 December 2008

[1] Yokong renamed to SK Energy
[2] GS Group is separated from LG Group
[3] Hanil Bank is merged by Woori Bank
Note : Kokkiri means elephant, Horang-i means tiger, Hwangso means bull, Chunma means pegasus

Franchise relocations in K-League

Club Original City / Area
(Joined Year)		 Not Franchised Period
1983-1986		 Franchised Period
1987–present
Pohang Steelers Daegu+Gyeongbuk (1983) N/A Pohang (1990 / 1988[1]-present)
Jeju United Seoul+Incheon+Gyeonggi (1983) Seoul (1984) Incheon+Gyeonggi (1987) ▶ Seoul (1991)
▶ Bucheon / Mok-dong, Seoul (1996)[2] ▶ Bucheon (2001) ▶ Jeju (2006–present)
Busan I'Park Busan+Gyeongnam (1983) N/A Busan (1990 / 1989[1]-present)
Ulsan Hyundai Incheon+Gyeonggi (1984) Incheon+Gyeonggi+Gangwon(1986) Gangwon (1987) ▶ Ulsan (1990–present)
FC Seoul Chungcheong (1984) N/A Chungcheong (1987) ▶ Seoul (1990) ▶ Anyang (1996) ▶ Seoul (2004–present)
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Seoul (1989) N/A Cheonan (1996) ▶ Seongnam (2000–present)

[1] K-League officially began city franchise policy in 1990, But Pohang Stleeers began in 1988 and Busan I'Park began in 1989.
[2] Actually Bucheon SK held all home matches at Mokdong Stadium in Seoul until 2000. Because Bucheon Stadium was under construction.

K-League Awards

Notable Foreign Players

Africa
  • Cameroon Michel Pensée
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo Jean-Kasongo Banza
  • Mali Cheick Oumar Dabo
  • Nigeria Victor Shaka
Asia
  • Australia Ahmad Elrich
  • People's Republic of China Li Weifeng
  • People's Republic of China Feng Xiaoting
  • Iraq Abbas Obeid
  • Japan Masakiyo Maezono
  • Japan Naohiro Takahara
  • Japan Kazuyuki Toda
  • Thailand Piyapong Pue-on
  • Tajikistan Valeri Sarychev
  • Uzbekistan Server Djeparov
Europe
  • Croatia Dževad Turković
  • Croatia Jasenko Sabitović
  • Croatia Jasmin Agić
  • Croatia Mato Neretljak
  • England Dalian Atkinson
  • Germany Paulo Rink
  • Germany Frank Lieberam
  • Republic of Macedonia Slavčo Georgievski
  • Republic of Macedonia Stevica Ristić
  • Moldova Ion Testemitanu
  • Montenegro Dejan Damjanović
  • Montenegro Dženan Radončić
  • Netherlands Kiki Musampa
  • Portugal Edmilson
  • Portugal Ricardo Nascimento
  • Romania Adrian Neaga
Europe (cont.)
  • Romania Cosmin Olăroiu
  • Romania Gabriel Popescu
  • Romania Pavel Badea
  • Russia Andrei Solomatin
  • Russia Denis Laktionov
  • Russia Sergey Burdin
  • Serbia Rade Bogdanović
  • Serbia Saša Drakulić
  • Serbia Radivoje Manic
  • Serbia Dragan Mladenović
  • Serbia Ognjen Koroman
  • Turkey Alpay Özalan
  • Ukraine Vitaliy Parakhnevych
South America
  • Argentina Carlos Esteban Frontini
  • Brazil Léomar Leiria
  • Brazil Grafite
  • Brazil Magno Alves
  • Brazil Dodô
  • Brazil Nádson
  • Brazil Mota
  • Brazil Itamar
  • Brazil Sandro Cardoso
  • Brazil Leandro Machado
  • Brazil Edu Gonçalves
  • Colombia Mauricio Molina
  • Colombia Carmelo Valencia
  • Colombia Juan Estiven Vélez

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Official K-League Almanac (Korean)". K-League editorial division. 

External links

K-League
2011 teams
Busan I'Park · Chunnam Dragons · Daegu FC · Daejeon Citizen · Gangwon FC · Gwangju FC · Gwangju Sangmu · Gyeongnam FC · Incheon United · Jeju United · Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors · Pohang Steelers · Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma · FC Seoul · Suwon Samsung Bluewings · Ulsan Hyundai
Former teams
Anyang LG Cheetahs (now FC Seoul) · Bucheon SK (now Jeju United) · Busan Daewoo Royals (now Busan I'Park) · Hallelujah FC · Hanil Bank FC · Jeonbuk Buffalo (now Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors) · Kookmin Bank FC
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Championship Playoff
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Defunct Comp.
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† Provisional Associated Member